Post by JewJewBee on Feb 4, 2012 22:03:20 GMT -5
WOLVES
ALASKAN TUNDRA WOLF(Canis lupus tundrarum)-The Alaskan tundra wolf is a large wolf measuring from 50 to 64 in length (nose to end of tail). Its weight can vary in males from 85 to 176 pounds, and in females from 80 to 120 pounds. They are usually seen in light colored to pure white coats, though they also come in dark coats, including black. Their hair is long, though not as long as the European Tundra Wolf. They have a heavier dentition than the Interior Alaskan Wolf. When possible, it will feed on deer and other ungulates. It also feeds on smaller animals and vegetation.
ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO WOLF(Canis lupus ligoni)-These "island wolves" are small wolves with short hair which is usually either black or another rather dark color. They average about 3 1/2 feet long, 2 feet high, weighing 30 to 50 pounds. Taxonomist Goldman described the Alexander Archipelago wolf as being smaller and having shorter, coarser, and darker hair than wolves in the northern and interior areas of Alaska. Alexander Archipelago wolves feed primarily on Sitka black-tailed deer. They will also prey on moose, beaver, mustelids, other small mammals, and birds. Researchers have learned in recent years that some wolf packs also spend a surprising amount of time feeding on salmon.
ARTIC WOLF(Canis lupus arctos)-The shoulder height of the arctic wolf varies from 25 to 31 inches. On average, they are about 3 feet tall from head to toe. Their body length may vary from 3 to 5 feet (nose to tail). Their colors may range from red, gray, white and black. The approximate weight of a full grown male is 175 pounds. In captivity, an arctic wolf can live to be over 17 years. However, the average lifespan in the wild is but 7 years. They will kill virtually any animal they can catch, and eat every part of it, including skin, fur, and bones.
BAFFIN ISLAND WOLF(Canis lupus manningi)-The Baffin Island wolf is the smallest of all arctic wolves. It has a thick white coat which makes it appear larger than it actually is. Baffin Island wolves are omnivorous creatures and will feed on just about anything if they are hungry enough. However, their major sources of food are lemmings, barren-ground caribou, and the arctic hare. They often hunt either alone or a male and female together.
BERNARD'S WOLF(Canis lupus bernardi)-They are large wolves, standing up to 4 feet tall and 6 feet long from tip of nose to end of tail. They have long thick white hair with a black stripe down their spine. They can weigh anywhere from 60 to 110 pounds. They hunt any and everything.
BRITISH COLUMBIAN WOLF(Canis lupus columbianus)-Canis lupus columbianus was one of the larger subspecies of the Gray Wolves in North America. They weighed between 80-150 pounds, and had long coats which were usually black, often mixed with grey, or brown. They measured roughly 60 to 70 inches in length. It had similarities to both the Alaskan Interior Wolf and the Mackenzie Valley Wolf, though it usually measured smaller than both. The British Columbian wolf fed on hares, birds, deer and other ungulates.
CASCADE MOUNTAIN WOLF(Canis lupus fuscus)- The Cascade Mountain Wolf was similar in size to both the Northern Rocky Mountains Wolf and the Southern Rocky Mountains Wolf. It was of medium size, averaging 3 feet tall, 4 to 5 feet in length, and 80 to 90 pounds. The "fuscus" in the wolf's latin name refers to its greyish-brown coat which occasionally would have a touch of red and/or sprinkles of black. Beavers are a main part of their diet.
EASTERN TIMBER WOLF(Canis lupus lycaon)- Eastern timber wolves come in a variety of colors from white to grey and from brown to black. They often have a reddish-brown muzzle and lower legs with white, grey, and black on their back. Smaller than the common gray wolf, they weigh anywhere from 50 to 100 lbs. The average adult male weighs 75 lbs. and the average adult female weighs 60 lbs. They measure 5 to 5 1/2 feet in length (tip of nose to end of tail) and 25 to 36 inches in height. In the winter, the timber wolf feeds mainly on large animals such as white-tailed deer, moose, elk, and caribou. Other times of the year, its diet will include smaller animals such as rodents and fish.
GREAT PLAINS WOLF(Canis lupus nubilus)-Great Plains wolves vary from 4 1/2 to 6 1/2 feet long from nose to end of tail, and weigh between 60 and 110 pounds. The female is roughly 80 percent the size of the male. Their coat is usually a blend of grey, black, brown, buff, or red. They travel in packs of 5 or 6 wolves on average. The Great Plains wolf preys on white-tailed deer, moose, snowshoe hare, small birds, and rodents such as beaver.
GREENLAND WOLF(Canis lupus orion)-Described as being small to medium in stature, but extremely light in weight with thick light to white coats. Diets are undefined.
HUDSON BAY WOLF(Canis lupus hudsonicus)-Hudson Bay Wolves are of medium size with body lengths of 4 to 5 feet on average, and measuring from 28 to 36 inches high. Their weight may vary anywhere from 80 to 140 pounds, with females being slightly smaller than males. They have bushy hair that can vary from a light grey to a yellowish-white or cream color. Their hair seems to be lighter in the winter. They are said to be similar in general to the Mackenzie Valley wolf, only smaller. Hunting in packs, they will prey on large ungulates such as caribou, moose and bison. When large prey is not as plentiful, they will also feed on carrion and smaller animals. On average, they require about 10 pounds of meat per day.
INTERIOR ALASKAN WOLF(Canis lupus pambasileus)-Interior Alaskan Wolves are usually of a darker color, most often black or black mixed with either brown, gray, or white. They are very large wolves, measuring 5 to 7 feet in length from tip of nose to end of tail. They are at present the largest wolves in North America and possible the world. Some of what they feed on are caribou, moose, dall sheep, hares, and ground squirrel.
KENAI PENINSULA WOLF(Canis lupus alces)- The Kenai Peninsula wolf measured from 5 to 7 feet in length (nose to end of tail), 35 to 44 inches shoulder height, and weighed 150 to 200 pounds. It fed largely on moose which is how its scientific name Canis lupus alces was derived. It would also feed on other large ungulates.
LABRADOR WOLF(Canis lupus labradorius)- They are medium size wolves with dark gray to nearly white fur. Similar in general only larger than the Canis lupus lycaon of southwest Quebec and the Great Lakes region. Labrador wolves hunt one of the largest herds of caribou in the world. They also prey on moose, musk ox, hares, beaver, and other rodents and fish.
MACKENZIE TUNDRA WOLF(Canis lupus mackenzii)-The Canis lupus mackenzii is a medium size wolf, measuring roughly 60 to 65 in in length from nose to end of tail. They can range in color anywhere from white to yellowish white to grey to black or a blend of all of these. The main source of food is caribou. They will also feed on rodents and salmon.
MACKENZIE VALLEY WOLF(Canis lupus occidentalis)-Average males weigh between 100 and 145 pounds with females weighing roughly 10 to 20 percent less. The heaviest on record was caught in Alaska in 1939, weighing 175 pounds. Though the Guinness book of Animal World Records mentions an unconfirmed specimen weighing 230 pounds. They measure 32 to 36 inches shoulder height and 5 to 7 feet in length, from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail. Their long, powerful legs allow them to travel as far as 70 miles a day, and through rough terrain like deep snow. They can reach speeds of up to 40 miles an hour for short periods of time. Their skull measures about 12 inches long. A combination of powerful jaw and neck muscles allows them to break bones and bring down large prey. The size of Mackenzie Valley wolves is partially due to their large abundance of food. They will prey on wood bison, elk, caribou, musk ox, moose, Dall sheep, Sitka black-tailed deer, mountain goat, beaver, ground squirrel, vole, snowshoe hare, lemmings, and salmon.
MANITOBA WOLF(Canis lupus griseoalbus)-Manitoba wolves have been described as large size grey and white wolves. Their main food source is caribou.
MEXICAN GRAY WOLF(Canis lupus baileyi)-The Mexican Wolf is the smallest Gray Wolf subspecies present in North America. Reaching an overall length no greater than 1.2–1.5 metres (3.9–4.9 ft) and a maximum height of about 80 centimetres (31 in), it is around the size of a German Shepherd. Weight ranges from 27–37 kilograms (60–82 lb). In stature, it resembles some European wolves, though its head is usually broader, its neck thicker, its ears longer and its tail shorter. This wolf feeds primarily on deer, antelope, rabbits and other small rodents.
MOGOLLON WOLF(Canis lupus mongolonensis )-The subspecies was measured at 135-150 cm in length, and weighed 27-36 kg.[4] It was similar to the Texas Wolf that roamed near it, but the Mogollon Mountain Wolf was smaller than its brethren subspecies and had "distinctive cranial details." Lighter colored as well, its fur was a mixture of black and tawny coloring, with cinnamon color mixed in along the edges. Beavers and other small animals are the main diet for this wolf.
NEWFOUNDLAND WOLF(Canis lupus beothucus)-The Newfoundland wolf was a medium to large wolf up to 5.5 feet long (nose to end of tail) and up to 100 pounds. It was said to be white, with a black stripe down its spine. Caribou was the principle diet of the Newfoundland wolf. It also fed on beaver, vole, and other Rodentia.
NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOLF(Canis lupus irremotus)-The Northern Rocky Mountain wolf is a light colored wolf of medium to large size, averaging from 85 to 115 pounds. The largest found on record was 145 pounds. Bison made up a large portion of its diet until the herds of bison were wiped out. So, when the wolves were forced to switch over to feed on cattle, they were intentionally driven to extinction.
SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOLF(Canis lupus youngi)-In size, they varied from medium to somewhat large, similar to the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf. They were 4 feet to over 5 feet in length, averaging about 90 pounds, though they were found weighing up to 125 pounds. They had light buff colored fur, similar to the Great Plains wolf. Beaver seem to be apart of this wolf's diet.
TEXAS GRAY WOLF(Canis lupus monstrabilis)-On average, they had a small to medium build. Though they were not quite as small as the Mexican wolf. Most were of a rather dark color, though some specimens have shown that they were occasionally white. Bison made up a large portion of its diet until the herds of bison were wiped out. So, the wolves were forced to switch over to feed on cattle.
VANCOUVER ISLAND WOLF(Canis lupus crassodon)-The Vancouver Island wolf is of medium sized, measuring roughly 26 to 32 inches high, 4 to 5 feet from nose to end of tail, and weighing 65 to 90 pounds. It is usually a mix of grey, brown, and black. Occasionally, they are seen pure white. The two principal prey of the Vancouver Island wolf are the Columbian black-tailed deer and the Roosevelt elk. It also feeds on Eastern Cottontail Rabbit which were brought to the island in 1964.
RED WOLF(Canis lupus rufus)-Red wolves are smaller than gray wolves, with a more slender and elongated head and shorter coarser fur. In comparison to the coyote, they are larger and more robust with longer legs and larger ears. The red wolf measurements range from 15 to 16 inches shoulder height, 55 to 65 inches in length (nose to end of tail), weighing anywhere from 40 to 90 pounds. Its color is usually mainly brown with blended colors ranging from cinnamon red to almost black. Light markings above the eyes are also common. The red wolf is known to hunt mainly at dusk and/or dawn. They feed mostly on small to medium animals such as grouse, raccoons, rabbits, hares, rodents, carrion and domestic livestock. They also prey on young white-tailed deer when available. Other than prarie chickens, the red wolf very seldom feeds on birds.
FLORIDA RED WOLF(Canis rufus floridus)-The Florida Red Wolf weighed from 44 to 88 pounds and measured 26 to 31 inches high at the shoulder. Many of these wolves found in Georgia and Tennesee were black which is where they got the name Black Wolf. This wolf feeds mainly on small mammals.
ARABIAN WOLF(canis lupus arab)-Standing approximately 26 inches shoulder height and weighing an average of 40 pounds, the Arabian Wolf is the smallest wolf subspecies, yet, the largest canid in Arabia. They have short greyish-beige hair which becomes much longer and thicker in winter. Their ears are large in comparison to the rest of it's body (similar to the maned wolf). Their eyes are naturally yellow with black pupils. However, many are found with brown eyes, revealing that somewhere down the line their ancestors have interbred with feral dogs. It will kill animals up to the size of a goat, but usually feeds on carrion, small birds, rodents, reptiles and insects. It also eats fruits and plants when meat is scarce. These are born blind and gradually gain sight until weaned at 8 weeks.
EUROPEAN GRAY WOLF(Canis lupus lupus)-On average, European gray wolves weigh from 70 to 130 pounds and can measure up to 39 inches at shoulder height. They can vary in length from 40 to 65 inches with females about twenty per cent smaller than males. Their fur is known to be shorter and more dense as compared to the North American wolf. Their colors range from white, cream, red, grey and black, sometimes with all colors combined. Gray wolves feed on ungulates and rodents, fruits, berries, and fish. Depending on availability of prey, gray wolves may or may not hunt in packs.
HOKKAIDO WOLF(Canis lupus hattai)-As compared to the Honshu Wolf, the Hokkaido Wolf more closely related to the standard gray wolf in size, dimensions, and other characteristics. They were usually a light grey or tannish grey in color. The Hokkaido Wolf feed mainly on deer, rabbits, and birds.
HONSHU WOLF(Canis lupus hodophilax)-The Honshu wolf was the world's smallest wolf, standing just over a foot at the shoulder and measuring 35 inches from nose to end of the tail. They had short wiry hair and a thin dog-like tail that was rounded at the end. Their legs were shorter in relation to their body length. In many ways, it resembled dogs, coyotes and jackals much more so than its Siberian wolf ancestors. The Honshu wolf was known to have preyed on deer, wild boar, and smaller pests. Farmers praised the wolf for keeping down the number of animals that might otherwise damage their crops.
IBERIAN WOLF(Canis lupus signatus)-Iberian wolves are of medium size with a thinner build than the average Eurasian wolf. Males can weigh as much as 90 pounds and females are usually 75 to 80 percent the size of males. Their coat will vary in color from a lighter grey or ochre in the warmer months to a darker reddish brown during the winter. The name signatus (meaning marked) was derived from white marks on the wolf's upper lips, and dark marks on the tail and front legs. The Iberian wolf's diet will greatly vary depending on exactly where they are. Wolves of Cantabria may feed on red deer, roe deer, and wild boar while the wolves of Galicia will feed partially on remains from chicken and pig farms. The wolves of Castilla y Len are believed to feed largely on rabbits. Overall, their main source of nuitrition comes from livestock. Much of this livestock used to be carrion. However, since the banning of leaving dead animals in the field because of the fear of mad cow's disease, the wolves have turned to killing more sheep and cows.
IRANIAN WOLF(Canis lupus pallipes)-Because of such a variation between habitats, there is likewise a great variation in physical features and lifestyle among this one subspecies of wolf. Like the Indian wolf, Iranian wolves are smaller than wolves of Northern Europe and North America. Iranian wolves vary from 25 to 40 inches in height, and weigh from 55 to 70 pounds. Because of the drier and harsher climate, their fur is a short light-grey with either little or no undercoat. Just like many other creatures of the desert, Iranian wolves have large ears to disperse body heat. Iranian wolves may be found in packs of 5 to 15. Wolves in harsher climates may hunt in pairs or even individually, depending on availability of prey. They feed on a number of small mammals such as rats, squirrels, mongooses, and ground birds such as partridges, quails, jungle fowl, and lapwings.
ITALIAN WOLF(Canis lupus italicus)-By grey wolf standards, the Italian wolf is considered a medium sized subspecies. Their body size varies from 39 to 55 inches in length and weighs 53 to 88 pounds. Females are roughly 10 percent smaller than males. Italian wolves are usually a mix of grey and brown. Though rarely seen, black wolves have been sighted in the Mugello region and the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. Italian wolves are known to hunt at night, feeding mainly on both medium and small sized animals such as wild boar, roe deer, and red deer, chamois, elk, hares, and rabbits. They will also feed on plants, berries, and herbs for fiber. When around the suburb, wolves will feed on garbage, livestock and domestic animals.
STEPPE WOLF(Canis lupus campestris)-Steppe wolves usually come in desert colors to blend into their surroundings. They are not white as are many more northerly Siberian wolves. Caspian sea wolves usually weigh up to 88 pounds, having short coats that display shades of gray with rust or brown and black hairs over their back with a poorly furred tail. They eat almost every animal they can catch. Wolves usually hunt in packs, but the steppe wolf will hunt on its own when food (especially large prey) is scarce. The steppe wolf usually feeds on herd animals, rodents, and fish. When food is scarce, it may also eat berries and other fruits. Though they usually eat almost every animal they can catch, both packs and lone steppe wolves have been known to occasionally kill more than they are capable of feeding on, especially Caspian seals. They are also liable to hunt domestic animals of nomadic families at any time day or night. They hunt when they are hungry but if they are not successful they can go without food for several weeks.
TIBETAN WOLF(Canis lupus chanco)-The size of the Tibetan wolves can vary from 58 to 65 inches (from nose to end of tail) and from 27 to 30 inches high, weighing from 65 to 70 pounds. Compared to the common European wolf, they are slightly larger, with shorter legs. Their skull is similar with a longer thinner muzzle. This "wooly wolf" has a long shaggy coat which seasonally varies in color, usually a blend of white, yellow, brown, grey, and black. The Tibetan wolf is an amazing hunter with excellent survival skills. It is known to hunt both during the day and at night either alone or in packs. Its preferred prey includes deer, blue sheep, and other large mammals. When food becomes scarce, it will feed on smaller animals like marmots, hares, ground squirrel, and mice. When hunting, the wolf can reach speeds up to 40 mph.
TUNDRA WOLF(Canis lupus albus)-The Tundra Wolf can measure up to 7 feet in length from nose to end of tail. There have been unconfirmed reports of some weighing as much as 220 pounds. However, on average, Tundra Wolves weigh from 100 to 125 pounds. Their height can be anywhere from 28 to 38 inches. Most have coats that are a combination of grey, black, rust, and silver grey. They are known to have long thick coats with dense underfur, and are often hunted for them. The average life span is approximately 16 years. They primarily prey on large mammals like deer, wapiti, moose, caribou, bison, musk ox and mountain sheep. Because catching large animals is not a daily occurrence, an adult Tundra Wolf may eat up to 20 pounds in one feeding. Contrary to the belief that wolves target mainly infirm creatures, research of wolves in Eurasia has shown that in some cases, up to 93% of their targeted prey have no physical or mental hindrance.
EGYPTIAN WOLF(Canis lupaster)-Appearing large for a jackal, the Egyptian wolf measures from 51 to 64 inches in length from tip of it's nose to end of it's tail, stands 16 to 20 inches at shoulder height and weighs anywhere from 22 to 35 pounds. It is rather thin with a coat which is usually tinged gray, beige or a dirty yellow. It is often discribed as lanky and might appear as reasonalbly heavier than it's actual weight. It is larger and longer limbed than other subspecies of the Jackal, though smaller than the Arabian Wolf. These wolves are by and large nocturnal. Like other dogs, they'll usually bark when excited or growl when irritated. They often bark when excited and growl when annoyed. They usually howl and or yelp calling out to each other just after dark and just before sunrise. They'll give an occasional bark. They are very sociable and usually live in either packs or more often pairs. The Egyptian jackal is an omnivorous creature, feeding on everything from insects, snails, fish, chickens, young goats, sheep, birds and carrion as well as melons and corn.
ETHIOPIAN WOLF(Canis simensis)-The Ethiopian wolf has long legs and a long muzzle, resembling the coyote in both shape and size. It has a distinctive reddish coat with a white throat, chest, and underparts, broad pointed ears, and a thick bushy black tail with a white base. It ranges in size from 43 to 55 inches (tip of nose to end of tail) and weighs from 24 to 42 pounds. Rodents make up over 90% of their diet, but they occasionally feed on small antelopes, hares, and hyraxes. By nature, the Ethiopian wolf hunts by day, but it is found to sometimes be nocturnal in areas where it is persecuted.
GOLDEN JACKAL(Canis aureus)-The winter fur is generally either of a dirty reddish-grey colour, strongly highlighted with blackish tones due to the black guard hairs, or a brighter, rusty-reddish colour. The anterior part of the muzzle, the area around the eyes and the forehead are ochreous, rusty-reddish. A blackish stripe is present above each eye. The margins of the lips and lower cheeks are dirty white. The upper part of the forehead and occiput are ochreous. The back of the ears is pale rusty. The inside of the ears is covered with dirty whitish hairs. The chin and throat are whitish, with a dirty tint. The guard hairs are black, and are especially developed on the back, but less so on the flanks; the general colour of these parts is brighter and clearer. The belly is whitish along the midline, while the lower region is mixed with a reddish tint. The limbs are ochreous red, with the internal surfaces being of a lighter colour. The tail is grey with an ochreous tint with a strongly defined, dark shade on the dorsal side and tip. The summer fur is sparser, coarser and shorter, and has the same colour as the winter fur, but is brighter, with less-defined dark tints. Adults measure 71–85 cm in body length and 44.5–50.0 cm (18-20 inches) in shoulder height. Weights differ 12% between the sexes; males weigh 6.3-13.7 kg (13.9-30.1 lbs), while females weigh 7.0-11.2 kg (15.4-24.7 lbs). Occasionally, it develops a horny growth on the skull which is associated with magical powers in southeastern Asia. This horn usually measures half an inch in length, and is concealed by fur. The golden jackal is an omnivorous and opportunistic forager; its diet varies according to season and habitat.
INDIAN WOLF(Canis indica)-An Indian Wolf can be one of the smallest subspecies of wolves, though their sizes vary in height from 24 to 38 inches and in weight from 40 to 60 pounds, and have a short, dense coat that is usually of a reddish, tawny color. The Indian Wolf (Canis indica) is relatively smaller in size and genetically distinct from the Iranian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes). Because of its smaller size, the Indian Wolf can sometimes survive on smaller ungulates, rabbits, hares, and rodents it finds. However, much of the wildlife that the Indian Wolf used to prey on has been hunted to extinction by humans. The Indian Wolf is, therefore, often forced to prey on livestock. This draws them closer to people, including unattended children which the wolves see as fair game.
MANED WOLF(Chrysocyon brachyurus)-The maned wolf stands up to 3 feet in height, and 4 feet in length. It very seldom weighs over 50 pounds, though it's long legs make it appear to be much heavier. By nature, it lives in dry, shrubby forests, and grasslands with swampy regions that grow high, lush vegitation. The wolf's long legs enable it to see above tall grass, making it easy to spot prey as well as hide from it. The wolf's toes can also be splayed apart, allowing it to walk on marshy grounds. The maned wolf is a flesh eater like all other dogs, although fruits make up about half of its diet. Its favorite food is the wild guinea pig found in its area. It will eat rabbits, rodents, lizards, frogs, birds, fish, and snails. It has sharp teeth for tearing meat, and broad flat molars for crushing fruit. It hunts mainly at dusk and at night. It catches its prey with a swift, high pounce. Occasionally, it digs creatures out of their burrows.
TASMANIAN WOLF(Thylacinus cynocephalus)-The mature thylacine ranged from 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 in) long, plus a tail of around 50 to 65 cm (20 to 26 in). The largest measured specimen was 290 cm (9.5 ft) from nose to tail. Adults stood about 60 cm (24 in) at the shoulder and weighed 20 to 30 kg (40 to 70 lb). There was slight sexual dimorphism with the males being larger than females on average. The female thylacine had a pouch with four teats, but unlike many other marsupials, the pouch opened to the rear of its body. Males had a scrotal pouch, unique amongst the Australian marsupials, into which they could withdraw their scrotal sac. The thylacine was able to open its jaws to an unusual extent: up to 120 degrees. Its yellow-brown coat featured 13 to 21 distinctive dark stripes across its back, rump and the base of its tail, which earned the animal the nickname, "Tiger". The stripes were more marked in younger specimens, fading as the animal got older. One of the stripes extended down the outside of the rear thigh. Its body hair was dense and soft, up to 15 mm (0.6 in) in length; in juveniles the tip of the tail had a crest. Its rounded, erect ears were about 8 cm (3.1 in) long and covered with short fur. Colouration varied from light fawn to a dark brown; the belly was cream-coloured.The thylacine resembled a large, short-haired dog with a stiff tail which smoothly extended from the body in a way similar to that of a kangaroo. Females also have a pouch. The jaws were muscular but weak and had 46 teeth. Observers of the animal in the wild and in captivity noted that it would growl and hiss when agitated, often accompanied by a threat-yawn. During hunting it would emit a series of rapidly repeated guttural cough-like barks (described as "yip-yap", "cay-yip" or "hop-hop-hop"), probably for communication between the family pack members. It also had a long whining cry, probably for identification at distance, and a low snuffling noise used for communication between family members. Early pouch young were hairless and blind, but they had their eyes open and were fully furred by the time they left the pouch. Prey is believed to have included kangaroos, wallabies and wombats, birds and small animals such as potoroos and possums. One prey animal may have been the once common Tasmanian emu.
Aard Wolf(Proteles cristata)-The aardwolf hides in a burrow during the day and comes out at night to search for food. Its diet almost completely consists of termites, other insect larvae and carrion, and has a long sticky tongue to eat. The aardwolf looks somewhat like a very small Striped Hyena. They have a more slender muzzle, sharper ears utilized in the hunt for harvester termites, black vertical stripes on a coat of yellowish fur, and a long, distinct mane down the middle line of the neck and back, which is raised during a confrontation to make the aardwolf appear bigger. It is 55–80 cm (22–31 in) long, excluding its bushy 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail, stands about 40–50 cm (16–20 in) at the shoulder, and weighs between 9 and 14 kg (20–31 lb). Its front feet have 5 toes, unlike hyenas which have four toes. Its teeth and skull are similar to that of the hyena, although the cheek teeth are specialized for eating insects, and its tongue for licking them up. As the aardwolf ages, it will normally lose some of its teeth, though this has little impact on their feeding habits due to the soft nature of the insects they consume. It has two glands at the rear that secrete a musky fluid for marking territory and communicating with other aardwolves.
AFRICAN WILD DOG- Lycaon pictus. 30 inches at the shoulder, 55 to 70 pounds. Wild dogs have bushy tails with white tips that may serve as a flag to keep the pack in contact while hunting. The Latin name for the African wild dog means “painted wolf,” which aptly describes the colorful coat of dark brown, black and yellow patches. They usually hunt in the early morning and again in late evening, prettying on gazelles and other antelopes, warthogs, wildebeests calves and rats and birds.(© Wikipedia)
DIRE WOLF- The dire wolf averaged about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length and weighed between 50 kg (110 lb) and 79 kg (174 lb). Today’s largest gray wolves would have been of similar size to an average dire wolf; the largest dire wolves would have been considerably larger than any modern gray wolf. The dire wolf is calculated to weigh 25% more than living gray wolves. Dire wolves' overpowering bite, 129% of the force of the modern gray wolf, could hold and subdue their prey. They were mainly meat eaters, but could tolerate some plant matter.(© Wikipedia)
ALASKAN TUNDRA WOLF(Canis lupus tundrarum)-The Alaskan tundra wolf is a large wolf measuring from 50 to 64 in length (nose to end of tail). Its weight can vary in males from 85 to 176 pounds, and in females from 80 to 120 pounds. They are usually seen in light colored to pure white coats, though they also come in dark coats, including black. Their hair is long, though not as long as the European Tundra Wolf. They have a heavier dentition than the Interior Alaskan Wolf. When possible, it will feed on deer and other ungulates. It also feeds on smaller animals and vegetation.
ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO WOLF(Canis lupus ligoni)-These "island wolves" are small wolves with short hair which is usually either black or another rather dark color. They average about 3 1/2 feet long, 2 feet high, weighing 30 to 50 pounds. Taxonomist Goldman described the Alexander Archipelago wolf as being smaller and having shorter, coarser, and darker hair than wolves in the northern and interior areas of Alaska. Alexander Archipelago wolves feed primarily on Sitka black-tailed deer. They will also prey on moose, beaver, mustelids, other small mammals, and birds. Researchers have learned in recent years that some wolf packs also spend a surprising amount of time feeding on salmon.
ARTIC WOLF(Canis lupus arctos)-The shoulder height of the arctic wolf varies from 25 to 31 inches. On average, they are about 3 feet tall from head to toe. Their body length may vary from 3 to 5 feet (nose to tail). Their colors may range from red, gray, white and black. The approximate weight of a full grown male is 175 pounds. In captivity, an arctic wolf can live to be over 17 years. However, the average lifespan in the wild is but 7 years. They will kill virtually any animal they can catch, and eat every part of it, including skin, fur, and bones.
BAFFIN ISLAND WOLF(Canis lupus manningi)-The Baffin Island wolf is the smallest of all arctic wolves. It has a thick white coat which makes it appear larger than it actually is. Baffin Island wolves are omnivorous creatures and will feed on just about anything if they are hungry enough. However, their major sources of food are lemmings, barren-ground caribou, and the arctic hare. They often hunt either alone or a male and female together.
BERNARD'S WOLF(Canis lupus bernardi)-They are large wolves, standing up to 4 feet tall and 6 feet long from tip of nose to end of tail. They have long thick white hair with a black stripe down their spine. They can weigh anywhere from 60 to 110 pounds. They hunt any and everything.
BRITISH COLUMBIAN WOLF(Canis lupus columbianus)-Canis lupus columbianus was one of the larger subspecies of the Gray Wolves in North America. They weighed between 80-150 pounds, and had long coats which were usually black, often mixed with grey, or brown. They measured roughly 60 to 70 inches in length. It had similarities to both the Alaskan Interior Wolf and the Mackenzie Valley Wolf, though it usually measured smaller than both. The British Columbian wolf fed on hares, birds, deer and other ungulates.
CASCADE MOUNTAIN WOLF(Canis lupus fuscus)- The Cascade Mountain Wolf was similar in size to both the Northern Rocky Mountains Wolf and the Southern Rocky Mountains Wolf. It was of medium size, averaging 3 feet tall, 4 to 5 feet in length, and 80 to 90 pounds. The "fuscus" in the wolf's latin name refers to its greyish-brown coat which occasionally would have a touch of red and/or sprinkles of black. Beavers are a main part of their diet.
EASTERN TIMBER WOLF(Canis lupus lycaon)- Eastern timber wolves come in a variety of colors from white to grey and from brown to black. They often have a reddish-brown muzzle and lower legs with white, grey, and black on their back. Smaller than the common gray wolf, they weigh anywhere from 50 to 100 lbs. The average adult male weighs 75 lbs. and the average adult female weighs 60 lbs. They measure 5 to 5 1/2 feet in length (tip of nose to end of tail) and 25 to 36 inches in height. In the winter, the timber wolf feeds mainly on large animals such as white-tailed deer, moose, elk, and caribou. Other times of the year, its diet will include smaller animals such as rodents and fish.
GREAT PLAINS WOLF(Canis lupus nubilus)-Great Plains wolves vary from 4 1/2 to 6 1/2 feet long from nose to end of tail, and weigh between 60 and 110 pounds. The female is roughly 80 percent the size of the male. Their coat is usually a blend of grey, black, brown, buff, or red. They travel in packs of 5 or 6 wolves on average. The Great Plains wolf preys on white-tailed deer, moose, snowshoe hare, small birds, and rodents such as beaver.
GREENLAND WOLF(Canis lupus orion)-Described as being small to medium in stature, but extremely light in weight with thick light to white coats. Diets are undefined.
HUDSON BAY WOLF(Canis lupus hudsonicus)-Hudson Bay Wolves are of medium size with body lengths of 4 to 5 feet on average, and measuring from 28 to 36 inches high. Their weight may vary anywhere from 80 to 140 pounds, with females being slightly smaller than males. They have bushy hair that can vary from a light grey to a yellowish-white or cream color. Their hair seems to be lighter in the winter. They are said to be similar in general to the Mackenzie Valley wolf, only smaller. Hunting in packs, they will prey on large ungulates such as caribou, moose and bison. When large prey is not as plentiful, they will also feed on carrion and smaller animals. On average, they require about 10 pounds of meat per day.
INTERIOR ALASKAN WOLF(Canis lupus pambasileus)-Interior Alaskan Wolves are usually of a darker color, most often black or black mixed with either brown, gray, or white. They are very large wolves, measuring 5 to 7 feet in length from tip of nose to end of tail. They are at present the largest wolves in North America and possible the world. Some of what they feed on are caribou, moose, dall sheep, hares, and ground squirrel.
KENAI PENINSULA WOLF(Canis lupus alces)- The Kenai Peninsula wolf measured from 5 to 7 feet in length (nose to end of tail), 35 to 44 inches shoulder height, and weighed 150 to 200 pounds. It fed largely on moose which is how its scientific name Canis lupus alces was derived. It would also feed on other large ungulates.
LABRADOR WOLF(Canis lupus labradorius)- They are medium size wolves with dark gray to nearly white fur. Similar in general only larger than the Canis lupus lycaon of southwest Quebec and the Great Lakes region. Labrador wolves hunt one of the largest herds of caribou in the world. They also prey on moose, musk ox, hares, beaver, and other rodents and fish.
MACKENZIE TUNDRA WOLF(Canis lupus mackenzii)-The Canis lupus mackenzii is a medium size wolf, measuring roughly 60 to 65 in in length from nose to end of tail. They can range in color anywhere from white to yellowish white to grey to black or a blend of all of these. The main source of food is caribou. They will also feed on rodents and salmon.
MACKENZIE VALLEY WOLF(Canis lupus occidentalis)-Average males weigh between 100 and 145 pounds with females weighing roughly 10 to 20 percent less. The heaviest on record was caught in Alaska in 1939, weighing 175 pounds. Though the Guinness book of Animal World Records mentions an unconfirmed specimen weighing 230 pounds. They measure 32 to 36 inches shoulder height and 5 to 7 feet in length, from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail. Their long, powerful legs allow them to travel as far as 70 miles a day, and through rough terrain like deep snow. They can reach speeds of up to 40 miles an hour for short periods of time. Their skull measures about 12 inches long. A combination of powerful jaw and neck muscles allows them to break bones and bring down large prey. The size of Mackenzie Valley wolves is partially due to their large abundance of food. They will prey on wood bison, elk, caribou, musk ox, moose, Dall sheep, Sitka black-tailed deer, mountain goat, beaver, ground squirrel, vole, snowshoe hare, lemmings, and salmon.
MANITOBA WOLF(Canis lupus griseoalbus)-Manitoba wolves have been described as large size grey and white wolves. Their main food source is caribou.
MEXICAN GRAY WOLF(Canis lupus baileyi)-The Mexican Wolf is the smallest Gray Wolf subspecies present in North America. Reaching an overall length no greater than 1.2–1.5 metres (3.9–4.9 ft) and a maximum height of about 80 centimetres (31 in), it is around the size of a German Shepherd. Weight ranges from 27–37 kilograms (60–82 lb). In stature, it resembles some European wolves, though its head is usually broader, its neck thicker, its ears longer and its tail shorter. This wolf feeds primarily on deer, antelope, rabbits and other small rodents.
MOGOLLON WOLF(Canis lupus mongolonensis )-The subspecies was measured at 135-150 cm in length, and weighed 27-36 kg.[4] It was similar to the Texas Wolf that roamed near it, but the Mogollon Mountain Wolf was smaller than its brethren subspecies and had "distinctive cranial details." Lighter colored as well, its fur was a mixture of black and tawny coloring, with cinnamon color mixed in along the edges. Beavers and other small animals are the main diet for this wolf.
NEWFOUNDLAND WOLF(Canis lupus beothucus)-The Newfoundland wolf was a medium to large wolf up to 5.5 feet long (nose to end of tail) and up to 100 pounds. It was said to be white, with a black stripe down its spine. Caribou was the principle diet of the Newfoundland wolf. It also fed on beaver, vole, and other Rodentia.
NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOLF(Canis lupus irremotus)-The Northern Rocky Mountain wolf is a light colored wolf of medium to large size, averaging from 85 to 115 pounds. The largest found on record was 145 pounds. Bison made up a large portion of its diet until the herds of bison were wiped out. So, when the wolves were forced to switch over to feed on cattle, they were intentionally driven to extinction.
SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOLF(Canis lupus youngi)-In size, they varied from medium to somewhat large, similar to the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf. They were 4 feet to over 5 feet in length, averaging about 90 pounds, though they were found weighing up to 125 pounds. They had light buff colored fur, similar to the Great Plains wolf. Beaver seem to be apart of this wolf's diet.
TEXAS GRAY WOLF(Canis lupus monstrabilis)-On average, they had a small to medium build. Though they were not quite as small as the Mexican wolf. Most were of a rather dark color, though some specimens have shown that they were occasionally white. Bison made up a large portion of its diet until the herds of bison were wiped out. So, the wolves were forced to switch over to feed on cattle.
VANCOUVER ISLAND WOLF(Canis lupus crassodon)-The Vancouver Island wolf is of medium sized, measuring roughly 26 to 32 inches high, 4 to 5 feet from nose to end of tail, and weighing 65 to 90 pounds. It is usually a mix of grey, brown, and black. Occasionally, they are seen pure white. The two principal prey of the Vancouver Island wolf are the Columbian black-tailed deer and the Roosevelt elk. It also feeds on Eastern Cottontail Rabbit which were brought to the island in 1964.
RED WOLF(Canis lupus rufus)-Red wolves are smaller than gray wolves, with a more slender and elongated head and shorter coarser fur. In comparison to the coyote, they are larger and more robust with longer legs and larger ears. The red wolf measurements range from 15 to 16 inches shoulder height, 55 to 65 inches in length (nose to end of tail), weighing anywhere from 40 to 90 pounds. Its color is usually mainly brown with blended colors ranging from cinnamon red to almost black. Light markings above the eyes are also common. The red wolf is known to hunt mainly at dusk and/or dawn. They feed mostly on small to medium animals such as grouse, raccoons, rabbits, hares, rodents, carrion and domestic livestock. They also prey on young white-tailed deer when available. Other than prarie chickens, the red wolf very seldom feeds on birds.
FLORIDA RED WOLF(Canis rufus floridus)-The Florida Red Wolf weighed from 44 to 88 pounds and measured 26 to 31 inches high at the shoulder. Many of these wolves found in Georgia and Tennesee were black which is where they got the name Black Wolf. This wolf feeds mainly on small mammals.
ARABIAN WOLF(canis lupus arab)-Standing approximately 26 inches shoulder height and weighing an average of 40 pounds, the Arabian Wolf is the smallest wolf subspecies, yet, the largest canid in Arabia. They have short greyish-beige hair which becomes much longer and thicker in winter. Their ears are large in comparison to the rest of it's body (similar to the maned wolf). Their eyes are naturally yellow with black pupils. However, many are found with brown eyes, revealing that somewhere down the line their ancestors have interbred with feral dogs. It will kill animals up to the size of a goat, but usually feeds on carrion, small birds, rodents, reptiles and insects. It also eats fruits and plants when meat is scarce. These are born blind and gradually gain sight until weaned at 8 weeks.
EUROPEAN GRAY WOLF(Canis lupus lupus)-On average, European gray wolves weigh from 70 to 130 pounds and can measure up to 39 inches at shoulder height. They can vary in length from 40 to 65 inches with females about twenty per cent smaller than males. Their fur is known to be shorter and more dense as compared to the North American wolf. Their colors range from white, cream, red, grey and black, sometimes with all colors combined. Gray wolves feed on ungulates and rodents, fruits, berries, and fish. Depending on availability of prey, gray wolves may or may not hunt in packs.
HOKKAIDO WOLF(Canis lupus hattai)-As compared to the Honshu Wolf, the Hokkaido Wolf more closely related to the standard gray wolf in size, dimensions, and other characteristics. They were usually a light grey or tannish grey in color. The Hokkaido Wolf feed mainly on deer, rabbits, and birds.
HONSHU WOLF(Canis lupus hodophilax)-The Honshu wolf was the world's smallest wolf, standing just over a foot at the shoulder and measuring 35 inches from nose to end of the tail. They had short wiry hair and a thin dog-like tail that was rounded at the end. Their legs were shorter in relation to their body length. In many ways, it resembled dogs, coyotes and jackals much more so than its Siberian wolf ancestors. The Honshu wolf was known to have preyed on deer, wild boar, and smaller pests. Farmers praised the wolf for keeping down the number of animals that might otherwise damage their crops.
IBERIAN WOLF(Canis lupus signatus)-Iberian wolves are of medium size with a thinner build than the average Eurasian wolf. Males can weigh as much as 90 pounds and females are usually 75 to 80 percent the size of males. Their coat will vary in color from a lighter grey or ochre in the warmer months to a darker reddish brown during the winter. The name signatus (meaning marked) was derived from white marks on the wolf's upper lips, and dark marks on the tail and front legs. The Iberian wolf's diet will greatly vary depending on exactly where they are. Wolves of Cantabria may feed on red deer, roe deer, and wild boar while the wolves of Galicia will feed partially on remains from chicken and pig farms. The wolves of Castilla y Len are believed to feed largely on rabbits. Overall, their main source of nuitrition comes from livestock. Much of this livestock used to be carrion. However, since the banning of leaving dead animals in the field because of the fear of mad cow's disease, the wolves have turned to killing more sheep and cows.
IRANIAN WOLF(Canis lupus pallipes)-Because of such a variation between habitats, there is likewise a great variation in physical features and lifestyle among this one subspecies of wolf. Like the Indian wolf, Iranian wolves are smaller than wolves of Northern Europe and North America. Iranian wolves vary from 25 to 40 inches in height, and weigh from 55 to 70 pounds. Because of the drier and harsher climate, their fur is a short light-grey with either little or no undercoat. Just like many other creatures of the desert, Iranian wolves have large ears to disperse body heat. Iranian wolves may be found in packs of 5 to 15. Wolves in harsher climates may hunt in pairs or even individually, depending on availability of prey. They feed on a number of small mammals such as rats, squirrels, mongooses, and ground birds such as partridges, quails, jungle fowl, and lapwings.
ITALIAN WOLF(Canis lupus italicus)-By grey wolf standards, the Italian wolf is considered a medium sized subspecies. Their body size varies from 39 to 55 inches in length and weighs 53 to 88 pounds. Females are roughly 10 percent smaller than males. Italian wolves are usually a mix of grey and brown. Though rarely seen, black wolves have been sighted in the Mugello region and the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. Italian wolves are known to hunt at night, feeding mainly on both medium and small sized animals such as wild boar, roe deer, and red deer, chamois, elk, hares, and rabbits. They will also feed on plants, berries, and herbs for fiber. When around the suburb, wolves will feed on garbage, livestock and domestic animals.
STEPPE WOLF(Canis lupus campestris)-Steppe wolves usually come in desert colors to blend into their surroundings. They are not white as are many more northerly Siberian wolves. Caspian sea wolves usually weigh up to 88 pounds, having short coats that display shades of gray with rust or brown and black hairs over their back with a poorly furred tail. They eat almost every animal they can catch. Wolves usually hunt in packs, but the steppe wolf will hunt on its own when food (especially large prey) is scarce. The steppe wolf usually feeds on herd animals, rodents, and fish. When food is scarce, it may also eat berries and other fruits. Though they usually eat almost every animal they can catch, both packs and lone steppe wolves have been known to occasionally kill more than they are capable of feeding on, especially Caspian seals. They are also liable to hunt domestic animals of nomadic families at any time day or night. They hunt when they are hungry but if they are not successful they can go without food for several weeks.
TIBETAN WOLF(Canis lupus chanco)-The size of the Tibetan wolves can vary from 58 to 65 inches (from nose to end of tail) and from 27 to 30 inches high, weighing from 65 to 70 pounds. Compared to the common European wolf, they are slightly larger, with shorter legs. Their skull is similar with a longer thinner muzzle. This "wooly wolf" has a long shaggy coat which seasonally varies in color, usually a blend of white, yellow, brown, grey, and black. The Tibetan wolf is an amazing hunter with excellent survival skills. It is known to hunt both during the day and at night either alone or in packs. Its preferred prey includes deer, blue sheep, and other large mammals. When food becomes scarce, it will feed on smaller animals like marmots, hares, ground squirrel, and mice. When hunting, the wolf can reach speeds up to 40 mph.
TUNDRA WOLF(Canis lupus albus)-The Tundra Wolf can measure up to 7 feet in length from nose to end of tail. There have been unconfirmed reports of some weighing as much as 220 pounds. However, on average, Tundra Wolves weigh from 100 to 125 pounds. Their height can be anywhere from 28 to 38 inches. Most have coats that are a combination of grey, black, rust, and silver grey. They are known to have long thick coats with dense underfur, and are often hunted for them. The average life span is approximately 16 years. They primarily prey on large mammals like deer, wapiti, moose, caribou, bison, musk ox and mountain sheep. Because catching large animals is not a daily occurrence, an adult Tundra Wolf may eat up to 20 pounds in one feeding. Contrary to the belief that wolves target mainly infirm creatures, research of wolves in Eurasia has shown that in some cases, up to 93% of their targeted prey have no physical or mental hindrance.
EGYPTIAN WOLF(Canis lupaster)-Appearing large for a jackal, the Egyptian wolf measures from 51 to 64 inches in length from tip of it's nose to end of it's tail, stands 16 to 20 inches at shoulder height and weighs anywhere from 22 to 35 pounds. It is rather thin with a coat which is usually tinged gray, beige or a dirty yellow. It is often discribed as lanky and might appear as reasonalbly heavier than it's actual weight. It is larger and longer limbed than other subspecies of the Jackal, though smaller than the Arabian Wolf. These wolves are by and large nocturnal. Like other dogs, they'll usually bark when excited or growl when irritated. They often bark when excited and growl when annoyed. They usually howl and or yelp calling out to each other just after dark and just before sunrise. They'll give an occasional bark. They are very sociable and usually live in either packs or more often pairs. The Egyptian jackal is an omnivorous creature, feeding on everything from insects, snails, fish, chickens, young goats, sheep, birds and carrion as well as melons and corn.
ETHIOPIAN WOLF(Canis simensis)-The Ethiopian wolf has long legs and a long muzzle, resembling the coyote in both shape and size. It has a distinctive reddish coat with a white throat, chest, and underparts, broad pointed ears, and a thick bushy black tail with a white base. It ranges in size from 43 to 55 inches (tip of nose to end of tail) and weighs from 24 to 42 pounds. Rodents make up over 90% of their diet, but they occasionally feed on small antelopes, hares, and hyraxes. By nature, the Ethiopian wolf hunts by day, but it is found to sometimes be nocturnal in areas where it is persecuted.
GOLDEN JACKAL(Canis aureus)-The winter fur is generally either of a dirty reddish-grey colour, strongly highlighted with blackish tones due to the black guard hairs, or a brighter, rusty-reddish colour. The anterior part of the muzzle, the area around the eyes and the forehead are ochreous, rusty-reddish. A blackish stripe is present above each eye. The margins of the lips and lower cheeks are dirty white. The upper part of the forehead and occiput are ochreous. The back of the ears is pale rusty. The inside of the ears is covered with dirty whitish hairs. The chin and throat are whitish, with a dirty tint. The guard hairs are black, and are especially developed on the back, but less so on the flanks; the general colour of these parts is brighter and clearer. The belly is whitish along the midline, while the lower region is mixed with a reddish tint. The limbs are ochreous red, with the internal surfaces being of a lighter colour. The tail is grey with an ochreous tint with a strongly defined, dark shade on the dorsal side and tip. The summer fur is sparser, coarser and shorter, and has the same colour as the winter fur, but is brighter, with less-defined dark tints. Adults measure 71–85 cm in body length and 44.5–50.0 cm (18-20 inches) in shoulder height. Weights differ 12% between the sexes; males weigh 6.3-13.7 kg (13.9-30.1 lbs), while females weigh 7.0-11.2 kg (15.4-24.7 lbs). Occasionally, it develops a horny growth on the skull which is associated with magical powers in southeastern Asia. This horn usually measures half an inch in length, and is concealed by fur. The golden jackal is an omnivorous and opportunistic forager; its diet varies according to season and habitat.
INDIAN WOLF(Canis indica)-An Indian Wolf can be one of the smallest subspecies of wolves, though their sizes vary in height from 24 to 38 inches and in weight from 40 to 60 pounds, and have a short, dense coat that is usually of a reddish, tawny color. The Indian Wolf (Canis indica) is relatively smaller in size and genetically distinct from the Iranian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes). Because of its smaller size, the Indian Wolf can sometimes survive on smaller ungulates, rabbits, hares, and rodents it finds. However, much of the wildlife that the Indian Wolf used to prey on has been hunted to extinction by humans. The Indian Wolf is, therefore, often forced to prey on livestock. This draws them closer to people, including unattended children which the wolves see as fair game.
MANED WOLF(Chrysocyon brachyurus)-The maned wolf stands up to 3 feet in height, and 4 feet in length. It very seldom weighs over 50 pounds, though it's long legs make it appear to be much heavier. By nature, it lives in dry, shrubby forests, and grasslands with swampy regions that grow high, lush vegitation. The wolf's long legs enable it to see above tall grass, making it easy to spot prey as well as hide from it. The wolf's toes can also be splayed apart, allowing it to walk on marshy grounds. The maned wolf is a flesh eater like all other dogs, although fruits make up about half of its diet. Its favorite food is the wild guinea pig found in its area. It will eat rabbits, rodents, lizards, frogs, birds, fish, and snails. It has sharp teeth for tearing meat, and broad flat molars for crushing fruit. It hunts mainly at dusk and at night. It catches its prey with a swift, high pounce. Occasionally, it digs creatures out of their burrows.
TASMANIAN WOLF(Thylacinus cynocephalus)-The mature thylacine ranged from 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 in) long, plus a tail of around 50 to 65 cm (20 to 26 in). The largest measured specimen was 290 cm (9.5 ft) from nose to tail. Adults stood about 60 cm (24 in) at the shoulder and weighed 20 to 30 kg (40 to 70 lb). There was slight sexual dimorphism with the males being larger than females on average. The female thylacine had a pouch with four teats, but unlike many other marsupials, the pouch opened to the rear of its body. Males had a scrotal pouch, unique amongst the Australian marsupials, into which they could withdraw their scrotal sac. The thylacine was able to open its jaws to an unusual extent: up to 120 degrees. Its yellow-brown coat featured 13 to 21 distinctive dark stripes across its back, rump and the base of its tail, which earned the animal the nickname, "Tiger". The stripes were more marked in younger specimens, fading as the animal got older. One of the stripes extended down the outside of the rear thigh. Its body hair was dense and soft, up to 15 mm (0.6 in) in length; in juveniles the tip of the tail had a crest. Its rounded, erect ears were about 8 cm (3.1 in) long and covered with short fur. Colouration varied from light fawn to a dark brown; the belly was cream-coloured.The thylacine resembled a large, short-haired dog with a stiff tail which smoothly extended from the body in a way similar to that of a kangaroo. Females also have a pouch. The jaws were muscular but weak and had 46 teeth. Observers of the animal in the wild and in captivity noted that it would growl and hiss when agitated, often accompanied by a threat-yawn. During hunting it would emit a series of rapidly repeated guttural cough-like barks (described as "yip-yap", "cay-yip" or "hop-hop-hop"), probably for communication between the family pack members. It also had a long whining cry, probably for identification at distance, and a low snuffling noise used for communication between family members. Early pouch young were hairless and blind, but they had their eyes open and were fully furred by the time they left the pouch. Prey is believed to have included kangaroos, wallabies and wombats, birds and small animals such as potoroos and possums. One prey animal may have been the once common Tasmanian emu.
Aard Wolf(Proteles cristata)-The aardwolf hides in a burrow during the day and comes out at night to search for food. Its diet almost completely consists of termites, other insect larvae and carrion, and has a long sticky tongue to eat. The aardwolf looks somewhat like a very small Striped Hyena. They have a more slender muzzle, sharper ears utilized in the hunt for harvester termites, black vertical stripes on a coat of yellowish fur, and a long, distinct mane down the middle line of the neck and back, which is raised during a confrontation to make the aardwolf appear bigger. It is 55–80 cm (22–31 in) long, excluding its bushy 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail, stands about 40–50 cm (16–20 in) at the shoulder, and weighs between 9 and 14 kg (20–31 lb). Its front feet have 5 toes, unlike hyenas which have four toes. Its teeth and skull are similar to that of the hyena, although the cheek teeth are specialized for eating insects, and its tongue for licking them up. As the aardwolf ages, it will normally lose some of its teeth, though this has little impact on their feeding habits due to the soft nature of the insects they consume. It has two glands at the rear that secrete a musky fluid for marking territory and communicating with other aardwolves.
AFRICAN WILD DOG- Lycaon pictus. 30 inches at the shoulder, 55 to 70 pounds. Wild dogs have bushy tails with white tips that may serve as a flag to keep the pack in contact while hunting. The Latin name for the African wild dog means “painted wolf,” which aptly describes the colorful coat of dark brown, black and yellow patches. They usually hunt in the early morning and again in late evening, prettying on gazelles and other antelopes, warthogs, wildebeests calves and rats and birds.(© Wikipedia)
DIRE WOLF- The dire wolf averaged about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length and weighed between 50 kg (110 lb) and 79 kg (174 lb). Today’s largest gray wolves would have been of similar size to an average dire wolf; the largest dire wolves would have been considerably larger than any modern gray wolf. The dire wolf is calculated to weigh 25% more than living gray wolves. Dire wolves' overpowering bite, 129% of the force of the modern gray wolf, could hold and subdue their prey. They were mainly meat eaters, but could tolerate some plant matter.(© Wikipedia)